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Contributions must be written in English. The manuscript should be typed on one side of the paper in double spacing (abstract, footnotes and references included). The pages should be sized for U.S. letter paper with ample margins (at least 2.5 cm) all around. Beginning with the title page, number pages consecutively, including tables and list of figure captions. Font size should be 11 or 12 pt.

Each paper should be introduced by a list of keywords and a self-contained abstract of no more than thirty lines without long formulas.

Title The title should be concise but informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

Abstract A concise and factual abstract, of around 200 words, is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. It must be able to stand alone, references should be avoided. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided.

Keywords Three to five keywords are required, using British spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of").

Headings Papers should be divided into numbered sections, subsections and, if necessary, subsubsections (e.g. 3, 3.1, 3.1.1, etc.).

Footnotes should be avoided if possible and as brief as possible, they should be numbered consecutively.

Figures Figures should be numbered consecutively in the order of appearance and citation in the text. Be sure to cite every figure. Handwritten lettering and low-quality computer graphics are not acceptable. EPS electronic files should be sized as they will appear in the journal.

Tables must be numbered and typed on separate pages. The table title, which should be brief, goes above the table. Detailed explanations or table footnotes should be typed directly beneath the table. Note that tables are usually typeset, not scanned (tables cannot be electronically reduced in size).

References should be listed alphabetically, as in the following examples: books [1], articles in journals [2], papers in a contributed volume [3,4], unpublished papers [5].

• [1] R. H. Wang, Numerical Approximation, Higher Education Press, Beijing, 1999.